Enquesta de salut de Catalunya 2013
Consumer loyalty is a top goal for any maketeer, and the Nielsen Global Survey of Loyalty Sentiment says that to achieve it, offering the best price is the most persuasive tool to motivate
consumers to swap devotion to a brand, service provider or retailer. If you enter into healthcare arena, service prices don't play the same role, mandatory insurance coverage is the standard (in developed countries), and voluntary insurance is the option (prices are relevant in this latter case).
What happens when one fourth of the population (~24%) buys voluntary insurance?. They have two options for healthcare access. The last health survey gives the answer (Table 3. p. 44): 57,9% of members go to private services, 29,5% use public services, 12,4% don't use any service. This is the switching behaviour pattern according to access and perceived quality of services, not price.
PS. I suggest a close look to the survey, many interesting things appear inside. Deeper analysis is needed using microdata.
PS. A former post on a related topic.
02 de setembre 2014
01 de setembre 2014
The impact of information and communication technologies
The number of primary care visits per capita in 2007 was 7,1, nowadays this figure has dropped to 5,9, a reduction of 17% in six years. That's a lot. In absolute terms you get the astonishing figure of 4,5 million visits less! In 2013 the total number of visits in primary care was 44,7 million.
I have taken 2007 as the year for comparison for one reason: there was no electronic drug prescription. I don't know all the reasons behind such huge decrease, however information technology has helped for sure. Righ now, 92% of all prescriptions are electronic. A wide assessment of such period is needed.
Such figures are only a partial evidence of the transformation through technology in one specific area - drug prescription-, now the next step is to go further in other fields: organization of work and communication between physician and the patient. These areas may take advantage of technology and help to change the "production function". However, somebody should also think about the impact on a redefiniton of professional roles and tasks, an issue that is frequently left for another day.
PS. Unfortunately, this good news you'll not find in any newspaper. Nowadays, most of them are interested only in the dark side.
PS. Don't forget that such a decrease in utilization of services has been achieved without any copayment strategy.
I have taken 2007 as the year for comparison for one reason: there was no electronic drug prescription. I don't know all the reasons behind such huge decrease, however information technology has helped for sure. Righ now, 92% of all prescriptions are electronic. A wide assessment of such period is needed.
Such figures are only a partial evidence of the transformation through technology in one specific area - drug prescription-, now the next step is to go further in other fields: organization of work and communication between physician and the patient. These areas may take advantage of technology and help to change the "production function". However, somebody should also think about the impact on a redefiniton of professional roles and tasks, an issue that is frequently left for another day.
PS. Unfortunately, this good news you'll not find in any newspaper. Nowadays, most of them are interested only in the dark side.
PS. Don't forget that such a decrease in utilization of services has been achieved without any copayment strategy.
29 d’agost 2014
The deprivation of human rights and the health crisis
The situation in northern Irak is critical. More than 1.4 million displaced people, severe human rights abuses and violation of international humanitarian laws. Those people are in need of water and basic sanitation services. Health services are overwhelmed by this situation.
Maybe this is the largest tragedy of our days, innocent people taken out from home and left without anything.
The answer by developed countries is becoming too late and too little. Have a look at EU press release (20 m € in 2014 while Saudi Arabia 500m $, Lancet says). This is an additional reason why I feel very far from european policies and citizenship.
PS. Must read (please beware of potential conflicts of interest): Updating Cost-Effectiveness — The Curious Resilience of the $50,000-per-QALY Threshold
PS. FT : " the right to vote stands above the decisions of a political tribunal.”
Maybe this is the largest tragedy of our days, innocent people taken out from home and left without anything.
The answer by developed countries is becoming too late and too little. Have a look at EU press release (20 m € in 2014 while Saudi Arabia 500m $, Lancet says). This is an additional reason why I feel very far from european policies and citizenship.
PS. Must read (please beware of potential conflicts of interest): Updating Cost-Effectiveness — The Curious Resilience of the $50,000-per-QALY Threshold
PS. FT : " the right to vote stands above the decisions of a political tribunal.”
28 d’agost 2014
The people's support for public health care
If you want to know what may drive you to participate in a demonstration, just ask the people. This is precisely what CEO report has done with this question:
"Tell me, please, if the following could have driven or push you to participate in a protest or claim" and the options were: tax increase, improving democracy ,corruption, defense of public education, defense of public health care, evictions, budget cuts, the right to vote.
And the winner is? The defense of public health care with 91,1%.
Good to know, if you didn't before. A clear message for any politician that cares about well-being of the population.
PS. If you want to know how many citizens consider that fundamental changes in health care are necessary, CIS has published the figure: 33%, the highest in the period 1995-2013 (p.10), those who think that some changes are necessary: 45% (p.9). Something should be done.
Support for public provision of primary care: 60%, on hospital care: 50%. Closer data on 2013 by CEO-CatSalut have not been published, my last comment is here.
"Tell me, please, if the following could have driven or push you to participate in a protest or claim" and the options were: tax increase, improving democracy ,corruption, defense of public education, defense of public health care, evictions, budget cuts, the right to vote.
And the winner is? The defense of public health care with 91,1%.
Good to know, if you didn't before. A clear message for any politician that cares about well-being of the population.
PS. If you want to know how many citizens consider that fundamental changes in health care are necessary, CIS has published the figure: 33%, the highest in the period 1995-2013 (p.10), those who think that some changes are necessary: 45% (p.9). Something should be done.
Support for public provision of primary care: 60%, on hospital care: 50%. Closer data on 2013 by CEO-CatSalut have not been published, my last comment is here.
27 d’agost 2014
Copayments as deterrents
If you want to know if copayments deter drug consumption just ask the people.This is precisely what CEO has done. In their report p.33 they reflect that 85% of citizens have not decreased their consumption, while 13% say yes, and 2 % dont know (?). The posted question maybe is not the best since the word copayments doesn't appear and there is no adjustment over the former copayment regime (retired vs active population). Anyway, we don't know if this 13% of people that say they have reduced it, is for inappropriate medications or appropriate ones. Still looking for the right assessment, this is only the first glance.
PS. How can we measure media power?
PS. How can we measure media power?
26 d’agost 2014
The uncertainty over genomics sequencing value in clinical decision making
Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information for Health Care Decision Making: Workshop Summary
"The value of genetic sequence information will depend on how it is used in the clinic", key statement that needs some elaboration. This is precisely what the IOM report does, you'll find in their pages the current situation about how genomics may impact in decision making. In chapter 5 you'll understand how an insurer decides about coverage of such tests according to 5 criteria:
While reading the book you'll increase your uncertainty about outcomes and value of genomic tests instead of reducing it. This was my impression. Let's wait for future good news, again.
PS. Summary of the report:
"Clinical use of DNA sequencing relies on identifying linkages between diseases and genetic variants or groups of variants. More than 140,000 germline mutations have been submitted to the Human Gene Mutation Database and almost 12,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms have currently been associated with various diseases, including Alzheimer’s and type 2 diabetes, but the majority of associations have not been rigorously confirmed and may play only a minor role in disease. Because of the lack of evidence available for assessing variants, evaluation bodies have made few recommendations for the use of genetic tests in health care."
"The value of genetic sequence information will depend on how it is used in the clinic", key statement that needs some elaboration. This is precisely what the IOM report does, you'll find in their pages the current situation about how genomics may impact in decision making. In chapter 5 you'll understand how an insurer decides about coverage of such tests according to 5 criteria:
1. The test or treatment must have final approval from appropriate governmental regulatory bodies, where required;Unfortunately, if you start from the first one, you'll find a complete lack of references by governmental bodies on the approval of such tests. Therefore, I can't understand from the chapter how successful they are on such process.
2. scientific evidence must permit conclusions about its effect on medical outcomes;
3. technology must improve net health outcomes;
4. the technology must provide as much health benefit as established alternatives; and
5. the improvement in health must be attainable outside investigational settings.
While reading the book you'll increase your uncertainty about outcomes and value of genomic tests instead of reducing it. This was my impression. Let's wait for future good news, again.
PS. Summary of the report:
"Clinical use of DNA sequencing relies on identifying linkages between diseases and genetic variants or groups of variants. More than 140,000 germline mutations have been submitted to the Human Gene Mutation Database and almost 12,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms have currently been associated with various diseases, including Alzheimer’s and type 2 diabetes, but the majority of associations have not been rigorously confirmed and may play only a minor role in disease. Because of the lack of evidence available for assessing variants, evaluation bodies have made few recommendations for the use of genetic tests in health care."
25 d’agost 2014
Consensus in health policy
Some months ago I posted on the same topic. Now you can read my short article in the annual report of the Col.legi de Metges.(text in catalan)
El consens en la política
sanitària: el Pacte Nacional de Salut
La política sanitària i els valors socials. La
immediatesa i dinamisme del món en que vivim ens porta massa sovint a
considerar la política sanitària com el fruit de la decisió puntual, anecdòtica
i controvertida del moment. Ens cal una mirada més panoràmica per comprendre
que darrera tota política sanitària hi trobarem uns valors socials que li donen
fonament. És a dir judicis de valor sobre allò que és bo per a la societat. En
ocasions es referiran als objectius o resultats finals i en d’altres als
mitjans per assolir-los. Si bé la seva rellevància és determinant per als
objectius, en relació als mitjans cal tenir present a més a més la seva
efectivitat, i per tant un judici expert sobre allò que de veritat funciona.
L’objectiu final de tota política sanitària descansa sobre
la millora de la salut poblacional però va més enllà. L’any 2006 la Unió
Europea va considerar que els sistemes de salut són un pilar de la protecció
social, de la cohesió i de la justícia social, i assenyala que la universalitat,
l’ accés a l’assistència de qualitat, l’ equitat i solidaritat són els
valors europeus compartits[i].
En aquest marc i en el seu desenvolupament és on es fonamenta la política sanitària.
El consens en política sanitària. L’adopció de
decisions públiques en relació a aquests valors essencials requereix d’un
consens polític. Pertoca al parlament i al govern assenyalar què signifiquen
exactament aquests valors compartits (objectiu) i quines decisions cal adoptar
per assolir-los (mitjans). L’existència d’un consens social sobre aquestes
qüestions esdevé una peça clau de l’engranatge. Més enllà de l’acord polític
parlamentari, cal que tots els actors que participen en el sistema de salut
remin en la mateixa direcció. Precisament un dels elements que es consideren
factor d’èxit d’un sistema sanitari és el consens social[ii].
Ens cal doncs una política sanitària basada en el màxim consens possible per
tal de tenir un sistema eficient i equitatiu.
La política sanitària basada en l’evidència. Distingir
aquells mitjans que poden ser efectius per assolir objectius d’aquells que no
ho són, esdevé una prioritat. Disposar d’evidència per tal de contrastar
aquelles decisions que produiran el millor resultat és crucial, però alhora
complex. La complexitat prové de les singularitats i del context on es
desenvolupa cada política. Allò que ha funcionat en un lloc i moment
determinat, pot ser difícil de ser reproduït en un altre. Malgrat aquest
atenuant, saber allò que funciona amb un criteri expert i objectiu ha d’ajudar
a millorar les decisions. Molts informes d’experts sobre reforma sanitària han
tractat d’adoptar aquesta perspectiva, si bé amb impacte força limitat. La
falta d’aplicació del consell expert té a veure almenys amb les dificultats
d’establir consensos amplis i la comprensió del procés polític[iii].
El pacte nacional de salut i els àmbits de consens. La
Comissió de Salut del Parlament de Catalunya va acordar el febrer de 2013 impulsar
el treballs per assolir un acord per a la salut a Catalunya en el marc d’un
model propi. En aquest acord es defineixen les bases del sistema sanitari
català, estables i consensuades per tots els agents implicats. Es va precisar
que els membres de la comissió serien els representants dels diversos grups
parlamentaris i els agents que formen part del Consell Català de la Salut. Els treballs de la comissió es van
desenvolupar en vuit grans àmbits temàtics. Es va prendre com a referent els 6
blocs inicials que segons l’Organització Mundial de la Salut han de constituir
un sistema sanitari, i s’hi van afegir dos àmbits identificats com a claus pel
sistema (la recerca i innovació, i el compromís ciutadà). Els àmbits han estat
doncs: finançament i cobertura, professionals, prestacions i catàleg de
serveis, model de serveis, avaluació i transparència, recerca i innovació,
compromís ciutadà, i governança.
Entrar en el detall del contingut dels 83 acord va més enllà
del que es pretén en aquest article, tant sols es farà una breu referència als
2 primers. En l’àmbit de finançament i cobertura s’assenyala amb claredat
l’opció per un accés universal de la ciutadania al Sistema Nacional de Salut i
alhora s’estableix un criteri de nivell de finançament públic en salut
suficient i sostenible, que es relacioni amb el nivell de riquesa del país i
que convergeixi amb la despesa de països amb producte interior brut per càpita
equivalent i sistema sanitari similar.
En l’àmbit dels professionals s’ha considerat que la planificació de necessitats de professionals, les competències i capacitats acreditades han de ser objecte reconsideració atenent als canvis sociodemògràfics, econòmics i tecnològics. S’explicita l’èmfasi en el professionalisme com a criteri que guia la relació entre professionals amb la ciutadania, amb el sistema sanitari i els proveïdors, i la necessitat d’establir mecanismes per tal de fer efectiva la participació dels professionals en l’elaboració de polítiques i la gestió.
En l’àmbit dels professionals s’ha considerat que la planificació de necessitats de professionals, les competències i capacitats acreditades han de ser objecte reconsideració atenent als canvis sociodemògràfics, econòmics i tecnològics. S’explicita l’èmfasi en el professionalisme com a criteri que guia la relació entre professionals amb la ciutadania, amb el sistema sanitari i els proveïdors, i la necessitat d’establir mecanismes per tal de fer efectiva la participació dels professionals en l’elaboració de polítiques i la gestió.
El nivell de consens i els propers passos. El procés
per arribar a aquest conjunt d’acords ha estat fruit d’una elevada
participació. Diversos motius van impedir que la totalitat dels representants
confirmessin el seu acord al darrer moment. Cal assenyalar que en l’elaboració
del document hi ha contribucions de tots, també d’entitats i grups polítics que
no han pogut donar finalment el seu suport. Cal fer efectiu aquest consens que
desitja la ciutadania, les bases perquè això sigui possible hi són, només cal
teixir-les acuradament i amb generositat. El Parlament de Catalunya va donar
l’opció de mostrar el sistema sanitari que desitgem a una àmplia representació
social, ara ja hi ha les bases per a que això pugui transformar-se en realitat.
[i] Council Conclusions on common values and principles in
European Union health systems, OJ 2006
No. C146/1.
[ii] Balabanova D, Mills A, Conteh L, et al. Good Health at
Low Cost 25 years on: lessons for the future of health systems strengthening. Lancet 2013;381:2118-2133
[iii] Black, Nick. "Evidence based policy: proceed with
care." BMJ: British Medical
Journal 323.7307 (2001): 275.
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