Last September I posted the data on per capita health expenditure. In 2020 we spent 1786€ per capita. The total budget for 2021 was 13.162m€, 1700€ per capita. Now the budget for 2022 says that we are going to spend 1.446€. This is an absolute nonsense. The budget approval has no relationship with former incurred expenditures...
Somebody should explain it clearly to the population and take measures. Forget this figure, it has no relationship with reality.
Year 1 of the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement–Advanced Model
A NEJM article shows a negligible effect of bundled payments. Unfortunately, I haven't seen any comment about the flaws in the design. A design mistake for not taking into account a holistic view.
If you reduce 78$ out of 27,315 $ per episode, this is an absolute FAILURE! (it is not a small reduction!!!)
However, the conclusion is:
In this study, we found that the BPCI-A program was associated with small reductions in Medicare payments among participating hospitals. Longer-term evaluation is needed to determine the full effect of the program.
Adam Smith and Karl Marx recognized that the best way to understand the economy is to study the most advanced practice of production. Today that practice is no longer conventional manufacturing: it is the radically innovative vanguard known as the knowledge economy. In every part of the production system it remains a fringe excluding the vast majority of workers and businesses. This book explores the hidden nature of the knowledge economy and its possible futures.
The Big Score: The Billion-Dollar Story of Silicon Valley
A reedition of 1985 classic. Just to understand our world, right now.
Inventing Ideas. Patents, Prizes, and the Knowledge Economy
How do knowledge and ideas influence the competitiveness of firms and nations?
You'll find the answer inside this book:
The twentieth century has been characterized as “the American century,” but at this critical juncture, new global competitors are adopting economic policies and institutions that have the potential to outpace U.S. achievements. Whether the twenty-first century will remain the American century will largely depend on the extent to which the lessons of the past are kept to the forefront. American technological and industrial progress owed to democratic open-access markets in ideas where entrepreneurial innovators succeeded, not by decree of administrators, but because their creations satisfied the ultimate judges—consumers in the marketplace. The evolution of administered innovation systems over the past three centuries largely serves as a cautionary tale rather than as a success story. The economic history of innovations instead suggests that the best incentive for necessary changes is failure in the marketplace; while the best prize for creative contributions to the knowledge economy is success in the marketplace.
Atlas of AI. Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is not an objective, universal, or neutral computational technique that makes determinations without human direction. Its systems are embedded in social, political, cultural, and economic worlds, shaped by humans, institutions, and imperatives that determine what they do and how they do it. They are designed to discriminate, to amplify hierarchies, and to encode narrow classifications. When applied in social contexts such as policing, the court system, health care, and education, they can reproduce, optimize, and amplify existing structural inequalities. This is no accident: AI systems are built to see and intervene in the world in ways that primarily benefit the states, institutions, and corporations that they serve. In this sense, AI systems are expressions of power that emerge from wider economic and political forces, created to increase profits and centralize control for those who wield them. But this is not how the story of artificial intelligence is typically told.
The standard accounts of AI often center on a kind of algorithmic exceptionalism—the idea that because AI systems can perform uncanny feats of computation, they must be smarter and more objective than their flawed human creators.
