Making Policies Work_ First- and Second-order Mechanisms in Policy Design

 Making Policies Work_ First- and Second-order Mechanisms in Policy Design

What Is Health Insurance (Good) For. An Examination of Who Gets It, Who Pays for It, and How to Improve It

 What Is Health Insurance (Good) For. An Examination of Who Gets It, Who Pays for It, and How to Improve It

Introduction to health policy

 Introduction to health policy

The Good Doctor_ Why Medical Uncertainty Matters

 The Good Doctor_ Why Medical Uncertainty Matters

COVID-19: The Great Reset

 COVID-19: The Great Reset

Precision Medicine (3)

 The Patient Equation. The Data-Driven Future of Precision Medicine and the Business of Health Care

Why We Get Sick_ The Hidden Epidemic at the Root of Most Chronic Disease―and How to Fight It

 Why We Get Sick_ The Hidden Epidemic at the Root of Most Chronic Disease―and How to Fight It

Health insurance and managed care _ what they are and how they work

  Health insurance and managed care _ what they are and how they work

The Handbook of Board Governance_ A Comprehensive Guide for Public, Private, and Not-for-Profit Board Members

The Handbook of Board Governance_ A Comprehensive Guide for Public, Private, and Not-for-Profit Board Members 

The Healthcare Professional Workforce Understanding Human Capital in a Changing Industry

 The Healthcare Professional Workforce Understanding Human Capital in a Changing Industry

Escaping Paternalism Rationality, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy

 

Escaping Paternalism
Rationality, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy

The true toll of the pandemic

How SARS-CoV-2 causes disease and death in covid-19

Opioid crisis

Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism

Beyond covid crisis there is still another one in US: the opioid crisis. The most relevant book on the topic is the Case-Deaton one.

We are telling the story in the way that we uncovered it, starting with midlife deaths of all kinds. We then focused on the immediate causes, which turned out to be deaths of despair among whites plus a slowdown and reversal in deaths from heart disease, which, until then, had been a main engine of mortality decline. Unfortunately, deaths of despair are not only afflicting middle-aged whites. While the elderly have been largely exempt, there have also been rapid increases in deaths of despair—particularly from overdoses and suicides—among younger whites. For whites between the ages of forty-five and fifty-four, deaths of despair tripled from 1990 to 2017. In 2017, this midlife age-group
had the highest rate of mortality from deaths of despair. But whites in younger age-groups were also doing badly and their deaths rose even more rapidly, accelerating in the last few years.

 Drug overdoses are the single largest category of deaths of despair. They are part of a broader epidemic that includes death from alcoholism and suicide, a reflection of the social failures that we have described in this book. Yet the behavior of the pharmaceutical companies caused more deaths than would otherwise have happened, showering gasoline on smoldering despair. Stopping the drug epidemic will not eliminate the root causes of deaths of despair, but it will save many lives and should be an immediate priority. Addiction is extremely hard to treat, even with the cooperation of the addict. There appears to be wide agreement that medication-assisted treatment can be effective, but it is not available to everyone, often because of cost.

Ps. Medicaments i risc de pneumònia

 Els analgèsics opiacis causen depressió respiratòria amb la hipoventilació pulmonar resultant;
alguns d’ells (codeïna, morfina, fentanil i metadona) també tenen efectes immunosupressors.
Incrementen el risc de pneumònia i la mortalitat respiratòria en un 40 a 75%.26,27,28
L’any 2018, uns 50 milions de persones als EUA (15% de la població adulta, 25% entre els més
grans de 65 anys) reberen una mitjana de 3,4 prescripcions d’analgèsics opiacis, i 10 milions de
persones reconeixien consum exagerat d’analgèsics de prescripció mèdica.29 A Europa en els
últims anys el consum d’opiacis suaus y forts ha augmentat, sobretot entre la gent gran.30,31
Fentanil i morfina son els opiacis forts més consumits, i més recentment oxicodona. El
tramadol, que és també inhibidor de la recaptació de serotonina, és l’opiaci suau més consumit.
En dos estudis observacionals de publicació recent, el consum de tramadol, comparat amb el
d’AINE, es va associar a una mortalitat 1,6 a 2,6 vegades més alta,32,33 sobretot en pacients
amb infecció i en pacients amb malaltia respiratòria.

LATAM Health at a glance

Panorama de la Salud:Latinoamérica y el Caribe 2020

Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020

This is a joint report by OECD and World Bank. It is a key reference to understand health in LATAM and Caribbean. You'll find:

Key indicators on health and health systems in 33 Latin America and the Caribbean countries. This first Health at a Glance publication to cover the Latin America and the Caribbean region was prepared jointly by OECD and the World Bank. Analysis is based on the latest comparable data across almost 100 indicators including equity, health status, determinants of health, health care resources and utilisation, health expenditure and financing, and quality of care. The editorial discusses the main challenges for the region brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as managing the outbreak as well as mobilising adequate resources and using them efficiently to ensure an effective response to the epidemic. An initial chapter summarises the comparative performance of countries before the crisis, followed by a special chapter about addressing wasteful health spending that is either ineffective or does not lead to improvement in health outcomes so that to direct saved resources where they are urgently needed.

Spain Health expenditure per capita 2.446 € , Cuba Health expenditure per capita 2.484 $ !!!