Genomic medicines: the coming waves?
Miro Nature i m'explica l'estat actual de la medicina genòmica, en els seus tres apartats teràpia genètica, oligonucleotids regulatoris i edició genòmica. I diu:
The approval of the pioneering gene therapy alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera) a decade ago fuelled expectations of a subsequent wave of other virally delivered gene therapies. However, these expectations have not yet been realized, and with ~30 setbacks for genomic medicine candidates in the past 3 years (Supplementary Table 1), of which more than 50% were due to safety concerns, the valuation of public genomic medicine companies has fallen significantly.
I aquest és el panorama:
There are ~1,100 active clinical trials of genomic medicines (Fig. 1a). However, only ~20 genomic medicine products have been approved so far (Supplementary Table 2). Together, these treatments currently target <0.1% of the global population with genetic disorders.
Among the three main genomic medicine platforms we analysed, the pipeline for gene therapies is the largest (532 programmes), but regulatory oligonucleotides are the basis for the greatest number of marketed products (11 products marketed for 13 indications) (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Table 2). With regard to disease focus, 53% of programmes overall are for rare diseases; laterstage programmes are also more focused on rare diseases, including more than 80% of marketed products (Fig. 1b). With regard to delivery platforms, the dominant disclosed technologies are adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for gene therapies (72% of programmes) and genome editing (30% of programmes), and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugation for siRNA (Fig. 1c).
I us preguntareu, perquè tant d'èmfasi en els oligonucleotids? Doncs perquè són patentables més fàcilment. I aquí comença una història difícil d'assumir. Determinades indicacions i malalties poden ser objecte de menyspreu investigador en teràpies avançades fruit de que la impossibilitat de patentar-ho. Ens ho hem de fer mirar, quan més aviat millor.
I això és el que hi ha aprovat per ara, mireu la darrera columna, hi trobareu els preus...
I sobre preus diu:
the current price of genomic medicines ranges from US$6,500 to $750,000 annually forregulatory oligonucleotides, and $850,000 (for Luxturna) to $3,500,000 (for Hemgenix)for gene therapy with a theoretical one-time dose (Supplementary Table 2). To make genetherapy affordable to patients with rare disorders, and sufficiently competitively pricedfor non-rare diseases to support substantial market penetration, novel reimbursementstrategies are probably needed.
Esdevé fonamental fer una reflexió sobre el moment actual i el que tenim al davant. És massa rellevant com per deixar-ho per un altra dia. Convé copsar quin és l'impacte que tindrà a la salut poblacional i als sistemes de salut.