Can We Be Happier? Evidence and Ethics
La pregunta de si podem ser més feliços, motiu del comentari del llibre d'avui, hauria de ser posterior a la de saber si som feliços ara. I com sempre anem a petar al problema de la mesura. L'economista Richard Layard porta molts anys explicant que podem mesurar la felicitat, i que hi ha dos components, la satisfacció amb la vida que té cadascun de nosaltres (felicitat experimentada) i la felicitat creada, fruit de la interacció social amb els altres. I diu:
We need to replace the harsh culture in which we judge our lives by our success compared with others. That is a zero-sum game – the total of relative success can never be changed, however hard each person tries to improve their own position. Instead, we need a goal for each of us which can lead to progress for all. That goal has to be the positive-sum activity of contributing to a happier society.
If we want a happier society, we have to aim at it explicitly. We will never achieve a happier society as a by-product. And it is a single overarching concept that we need if we are to displace the false idol of GDP. A dashboard of wellbeing indicators is certainly better than nothing, but it has been tried for half a century by the ‘social indicators’ movement with relatively little success.
Més endavant recupera els 10 factors que contribueixen a la felicitat:
- trust (the proportion of people who think ‘most people can be trusted’)
- generosity (the proportion who have donated money to a charity in the present month)
- social support (the proportion who have relatives or friends they can count on to help them whenever they need them)
- freedom (the proportion who are satisfied with their freedom to choose what they want to do with their life)
- health (years of healthy life expectancy)
- income (GDP per head)
There is no objective reason why so many lives in the West should be so stressful. We ourselves have created the stress by our goals, and the way our institutions respond to them. If we change our goals, we really can produce a happier society.Future generations will be shocked by many of the unthinking and unskilful features of life today. They will be shocked at the neglect of mental illness, at the stresses imposed on our children, and at the common assumption that everyone is an egotist.So the world happiness movement can indeed bring in a better, gentler culture and do it fast. But what happens will ultimately depend on each one of us. We can all be heroes in the happiness revolution
PS. El concepte de societat d'obligacions recíproques és de Collier.